Page 36 - The Flickering Cauldron Magazine - April 2022

Ancient Egyptian Timeline
Ancient Egyptian history stems back about 5500 years BC. It is so extensive that it was divided by Historians into smaller periods of time called Kingdoms and Periods.
Predynastic Period
5500 BC to 3100 BC
Early Dynastic Period
3100 BC to 2686 BC
1st and 2nd Dynasties
OLD
Kingdom
2686 BC to 2181 BC
First Intermediate
3rd to 6th Dynasties
Kingdom
2055 BC to 1650 BC 11th to 14th Dynasties
Period
MIDDLE
2181 BC to 2055 BC
7th to 10th Dynasties
Kingdom
15th to 17th Dynasties
Second Intermediate
Period
NEW
1650 BC to 1550 BC
1550 BC to 1069 BC
Third Intermediate
18th to 20th Dynasties
Period
Late
1069 BC to 747 BC
Period
21st to 24th Dynasties
Ptolemaic Period
332 BC to 30 BC
747 BC to 332 BC
25th to 31st Dynasties
Period
30 BC to 395 AD
Roman
by Mentuhotep II thus founding the Middle Kingdom.
This was a great era for Egypt with huge advancements in literature, art, science and medication. Further pyramids were constructed, and the Pharaohs led successful military campaigns.
This era of development continued until 1650 BC with the beginning of the Second Intermediate Period.
However, this was not brought about by internal disputes. A Palestinian people known as the Hyksos attacked and successfully invaded northern Egypt and created the city of Avaris into their capital.
Southern Egypt was successfully defended, but it wasn’t until 1550 BC that they were able to drive out the Hyksos and once again reunite Egypt.
This gave birth to the New Kingdom, the country’s’ power and wealth was restored! Egypt controlled the lands to the south (Nubia) and its mighty army invaded Palestine and Syria.
For nearly 500 years it was a time of great achievement. Magnificent temples were constructed at Thebes and the Valley of the Kings was established as the final resting place of the Pharaohs.
However, the New Kingdom wasn’t without controversy. In about 1364 BC Akhenaten became Pharaoh. He dismissed the millennia of belief in the Gods as he worshipped only one. The Sun God Aten. This incredible radical change was undone by his son Tutankhamen, who restored the status quo and the worship of the Gods.
By about 1069 BC, regional disputes eventually caused the collapse of the New Kingdom and the country became once again divided.
Egypt’s’ glory days were over. It would never return to its former wealth, power and influence over the region.
It was during this Third intermediate period that the country was invaded by the Kings of Nubia in about 747 BC. They ran it as one country but they were ousted when Egypt was conquered by Persians in about 525 BC.
Enter in 332 BC... Alexander the Great!
Siwa Oasis
Saqqara
Stone Quarry
Mediterranean Sea
Alexandria • Sais • •Xois• •Tanis Mendes
EGYPT
LOWER Nile Delta
•
•
Xios- Capital of Egypt 14th Dynasty
Sais- Capital of Egypt 24th - 26th and 28th Dynasties
••
Avaris/Pi Ramesses Bubas
Cairo Giza • •
•
Tanis - Capital of Egypt 21st and 23rd Dynasties
Mendes - Capital of Egypt 29th Dynasty
tis
Bubastis - Capital of Egypt 22nd Dynasty
Avaris/Pi Ramesses - Capital of Egypt 15th - 19th and 20th Dynasties
•
Heliopolis
Memphis - Capital of Egypt 1st - 8th and 19th Dynasties
Memphis Troyu
and Temple of AMUN and THE ORACLE
• Het Nesut•
Sinai
Renamed by the Greeks
to Herakleopolis Het-Nesut - Capital City of Egypt 9th and 10th Dynasties
•
Farafra Oasis
Eastern Desert
Mount Sinai
Baharia Oasis
Faiyum Oasis
Western Desert
• •
Hermopolis
•
Armana
Armana - Capital City of Egypt home to Akhenaten - 18th Dynasty
Thinis - The Lost City, still to be found
Thinis?
•
•
DENDERA
TEMPLE COMPLEX • TEMPLE OF HATHOR
Dendera
• Dakhla Oasis
Kharga Oasis
••
Abydos
Esna
UPPER
Cairo - Modern day Capital City
Giza - Home to the great Pyramid and the Spinx
Troyu - Quarry for Limestone, used to build the Pyramids Heliopolis - City of the Sun God Ra
Saqqara - Home to the step Pyramids of the 3rd Dynasty Hermopolis - Houses the temple of the God Thoth
• Thebes - Capital City of Egypt 11th, 17th, 18th and 19th Dynasties
VALLEY OF THE KINGS
KARNAK
••
Karnak
HATSHEPSUT’S TEMPLE
Thebes
TEMPLE COMPLEX
TEMPLE OF HORUS
••
Edfu
EGYPT
•
TEMPLE OF KOM OMBO
• Abu Simbel
ABU SIMBEL TEMPLES
NUBIA
by The Flickering Cauldron
LUXOR TEMPLE
•
PHILAE TEMPLE COMPLEX
Aswan
36 | The Flickering Cauldron® Magazine - Ancient Egypt with the Flickering
Gulf of Suez
Red Sea
Nile
Sea of Aqaba
Nile
Nile